Working Space Around Panels (NEC 110.26)

Section 110.26 sets out the clear space needed in front of panels and similar equipment that might be examined, adjusted or worked on while energized. The idea is simple: an electrician needs room to stand, to move their arms without bumping into things, and to step back quickly if something goes wrong.

Depth

The required depth depends on the voltage to ground and what is on the other side of the space. For equipment at 150 V or less to ground, which covers typical 120/240 V homes and 208Y/120 V buildings, the minimum is 3 feet in all conditions. For 151 to 600 V to ground (such as 480Y/277 V), it is 3, 3½ or 4 feet depending on whether the opposite side is insulated, grounded or has exposed live parts.

Width

The space must be at least 30 inches wide or the width of the equipment, whichever is greater. The panel doesn’t have to be centered in it. The door or hinged panel must be able to open at least 90 degrees.

Height

The space must be clear from the floor to a height of 6½ feet or the height of the equipment, whichever is greater. Some small exceptions apply in existing dwelling units, and the code also limits how far other equipment can extend into the space.

Also required

• No storage in the working space.
• Access and a way out: at least one entrance of enough size, with more for large equipment.
• Lighting for the working space in many indoor locations.
• A dedicated equipment space above and below panels for raceways. Pipes, ducts and other foreign systems don’t belong there.

Panels in bathrooms and closets

Overcurrent devices generally aren’t allowed in bathrooms (240.24(E)) or clothes closets (240.24(D)) in homes. When we find one there during a remodel, we plan for moving it.